Close Range Photogrammetry System for Medicine and Railways

A specialised digital system of close range photogrammetry has been developed in the Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Informatics of University of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow, Poland. The system has been implemented in two applications. The first one is related to medicine and used for overload monitoring for the purpose of medical rehabilitation, and the second one is designated for railways, to locate points on cross-sections. Calibrated images are required as input data for the system. The calibration can be performed in a laboratory, using a test field, by means of cameras with constant interior orientation parameters. For medical purposes, several points are marked on the patient's body in selected locations. Convergent photographs composed of direct photos and images reflected from a mirror located behind the patient are used to record points at the patient's front and back. The mirror allows to reduce to the minimum the numbers of stands for image recording. In this case, free-focus cameras, such as Kodak DC 200, were used. The system of reference is defined by reference points located on the mirror surface. Results of measurements are shown in a graphic form. The second application concerns locating points on railways cross-sections. Digital cameras with nearly parallel axes are placed on a special railway platform. The co-ordinates of reference points marked on the stiff frame structure are determined in relation to the rail head level and track axis. These cameras have a high-precision shutter synchronisation.